How to Make Compost Toilet

Compost toilets are an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for managing human waste, particularly in areas without access to traditional sewer systems.

By utilizing natural processes to break down waste into nutrient-rich compost, these toilets not only reduce water usage but also promote environmental conservation. Whether you’re living off the grid, camping, or simply looking for a greener alternative, compost toilets are a practical and efficient choice.

This guide on how to make compost toilet will walk you through the steps to build your own compost toilet and start reaping the benefits of a more sustainable lifestyle. Building a compost toilet DIY is an eco-friendly solution that helps reduce waste while promoting sustainability in off-grid living.

Why Choose a Compost Toilet?

Compost toilets have many benefits that make them an attractive option for both individuals and communities. Some of the main advantages include:

Water Conservation:

Traditional flush toilets use a significant amount of water, with each flush using about 1.6 gallons (6 liters) of water, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This adds up quickly and can lead to water shortages, especially in areas with limited access to water. Compost toilets, on the other hand, use little to no water, reducing your overall water consumption and having a positive impact on the environment.

Nutrient-Rich Compost:

Composting is a natural process that breaks down organic materials into nutrient-rich fertilizer. By using a compost toilet, you not only avoid wasting valuable nutrients but also create a sustainable source of fertilizer for plants and soil.

Cost-Effective:

Building and maintaining a compost toilet is relatively inexpensive compared to traditional flush toilets. With minimal plumbing requirements and no need for costly sewage treatment facilities, compost toilets can save you money in the long run.

Eco-Friendly:

Compost toilets help reduce pollution by preventing untreated human waste from entering waterways and contaminating the environment. They also help conserve energy by eliminating the need for sewage treatment plants that require electricity to operate.

Materials Needed

To make your own compost toilet, you will need the following materials:

• A 5-gallon Bucket With a Lid or a Specially Designed Compost Toilet Container
• Sawdust or Peat Moss as an Absorbent Material
• A Toilet Seat (Can Be Purchased or Made From a Wooden Board)
• A Ventilation System (Optional but Recommended)

8 Step-by-step Guidelines on How to Make Compost Toilet

Step 1: Choose a Location 

The first step in building your compost toilet is selecting an appropriate location. Ideally, the toilet should be placed in a well-ventilated and easily accessible area. For outdoor setups, choose a dry, elevated spot to prevent flooding during heavy rain. If you’re installing the toilet indoors, ensure the room has proper ventilation to minimize odors, and consider installing a small ventilation pipe or fan.

The location should also be convenient for emptying the compost container when it’s full, with easy access to your composting site or bin. Taking time to carefully choose the right spot will go a long way in ensuring the effectiveness and comfort of your compost toilet.  

Step 2: Build the Structure

Once you have chosen a suitable location, it’s time to build the structure of your compost toilet. As mentioned earlier, you can use a 5-gallon bucket with a lid or purchase a specially designed compost toilet container. If using a bucket, drill small holes around the base and sides for ventilation. Then, attach the toilet seat securely to the top.

If building an outdoor setup, consider adding walls or screens for privacy and protection from the elements. Indoor toilets should be properly sealed to prevent any odors from escaping into other rooms.

Step 3: Add Absorbent Material 

After constructing the structure, the next step is to layer the bottom of the bucket or container with absorbent material, such as sawdust, peat moss, or coconut coir. This material helps to absorb moisture, reduce odors, and create the ideal environment for the composting process. Make sure to add enough absorbent material to cover the bottom completely, creating a base layer that will prevent waste from sticking and aid in even decomposition.

Each time the toilet is used, a small amount of fresh absorbent material should be added on top of the waste to maintain effective odor control and facilitate composting. 

Step 4: Use the Toilet

Now that your compost toilet is set up, you’re ready to use it. When using the toilet, remember to sit directly on the seat and not on the rim, as this could cause damage. Additionally, avoid flushing any non-organic materials or chemicals down the toilet, as these can disrupt the composting process and contaminate the end product.

You may also want to consider adding a small container of sawdust or peat moss next to the toilet for easy access and use.

Step 5: Empty Regularly 

It’s important to empty your compost toilet regularly to prevent waste from piling up and causing odors. The frequency of emptying will depend on factors such as the size of the container, number of users, and climate conditions. As a general rule, check and empty the toilet at least once a week.

To dispose of the waste, simply transfer it to a larger compost bin or pile designated for humanure (composted human waste). This can then be used as fertilizer for non-edible plants.

Step 6: Maintain Proper Ventilation

As mentioned earlier, proper ventilation is crucial for the effectiveness and comfort of your compost toilet. Without adequate airflow, odors can become overwhelming, and the composting process may be disrupted. If you notice any strong odors, consider adding a small fan or ventilation pipe to improve air circulation.

It’s also essential to ensure that the ventilation holes are not blocked by waste or absorbent material, as this can cause issues with airflow and odor control.

Step 7: Monitor and Adjust 

It’s important to regularly monitor your compost toilet and make any necessary adjustments. This could include adding more absorbent material if odors become an issue, adjusting the ventilation system, or changing the location of the toilet if needed.

Additionally, keep track of how long it takes for the waste to fully decompose, as this will vary depending on several factors. When the compost looks dark brown and crumbly like soil, it is ready to be used as fertilizer.

Step 8: Enjoy Your Eco-Friendly Toilet 

Congratulations, you have successfully built your own compost toilet! Not only is it cost-effective and eco-friendly, but it also provides a sustainable way to manage human waste. With proper maintenance and regular use, your compost toilet can contribute to a healthier environment for both you and the planet. So go ahead and enjoy your new eco-friendly toilet with peace of mind knowing that you’re making a positive impact on the environment. Continue finding ways to live sustainably and reduce your carbon footprint!

Following these simple steps on how to make compost toilet, you can now have your own compost toilet that is not only good for the environment but also convenient and easy to maintain. Remember to educate others about the benefits of composting and encourage them to adopt this eco-friendly practice as well. Together, we can make a difference in preserving our planet for future generations.

Happy composting!

Additional Tips

• To maintain proper balance in the compost, add bulking agents such as shredded paper or leaves along with the absorbent material.
• If peat moss is used as an absorbent, make sure it is sustainably sourced.
• Consider using a urine-diverting system for added efficiency and reduced odor.
• If experiencing issues with the composting process, consult with an expert or join a composting community for advice and support.
• Regularly clean and disinfect the toilet seat to prevent any bacteria buildup.
• Do not use the compost from your compost toilet on edible plants due to potential health risks.
• Always wash your hands after using the compost toilet.
• Educate children on proper usage and hygiene when using a compost toilet.
• Consider adding essential oils or herbs with natural deodorizing properties, such as lavender or eucalyptus, to the absorbent material for added scent control.
• If using a bucket system, make sure to cover and secure the lid when not in use to prevent any unwanted visitors or pests. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is It Safe to Use a Compost Toilet?

A: Yes, as long as the waste is properly composted and not used on edible plants. It is also important to maintain proper hygiene and cleanliness when using a compost toilet.

Q: Can I Use a Compost Toilet in My Home?

A: Yes, compost toilets can be used both indoors and outdoors. However, it is important to consider ventilation and proper waste disposal methods when choosing a location for your compost toilet.

Q: How Often Should I Empty the Compost Toilet?

A: The frequency of emptying will vary depending on factors such as the size of the container and number of users. As a general rule, check and empty the toilet at least once a week.

Q: What If I Don’t Want to Use Humanure as Fertilizer?

A: If you do not want to use humanure as fertilizer, you can dispose of it in a designated compost bin or pile. It is important to properly label and separate this waste from other organic materials to avoid any contamination.

Q: Do I Need a Professional to Install a Compost Toilet?

A: No, most compost toilets are designed for easy installation by individuals with basic handyman skills. However, if you are unsure or want additional assistance, it is recommended to consult with an expert or join a composting community for guidance.

Conclusion

Compost toilets are an excellent step toward sustainable living, offering an eco-friendly solution for managing human waste. By following the outlined steps on how to make compost toilet and maintaining your compost toilet properly, you can reduce your environmental footprint while contributing to a healthier planet. Whether used for a home, a cabin, or an outdoor setting, compost toilets showcase how small, simple changes can make a significant impact.

Remember, the success of your compost toilet depends on proper use, regular monitoring, and a commitment to sustainable practices. Start your composting journey today and inspire others to join in creating a greener and cleaner future!