How to Check Pressure Tank

A pressure tank is an essential component of many water systems, ensuring consistent water pressure and reducing strain on the pump. Regularly checking the pressure tank is crucial for maintaining the system’s efficiency and preventing potential issues such as water pressure fluctuations or pump damage. In this blog post, we’ll walk you through the steps on how to check pressure tank so that you can get back to using it in no time! So grab your tools, and let’s get started!

Importance of Checking the Pressure Tank Regularly

Regularly checking your pressure tank is vital for the longevity and efficiency of your water system. A well-maintained pressure tank ensures consistent water pressure throughout your home, preventing sudden drops or surges that could disrupt daily activities. Additionally, routine checks help identify any early signs of wear or malfunction, such as leaks, improper pressure levels, or damaged components, allowing you to address them before they escalate into costly repairs.

By taking the time to inspect your pressure tank regularly, you also reduce unnecessary strain on the pump, extending its lifespan and improving overall system performance. Prioritizing these checks will save you time, money, and the hassle of unexpected breakdowns.

Tools and Materials Needed

To properly inspect and maintain your pressure tank, you will need a few essential tools and materials. These include a pressure gauge to monitor system pressure accurately, a wrench set for tightening or loosening connections, and a flashlight to check for any hidden leaks or structural damage.

Additionally, have a bucket or towel handy to catch any water during inspections, and ensure you have access to the manufacturer’s manual for specific guidelines. If repairs are necessary, replacement parts such as pressure switches, valves, or O-rings may also be required. Having these items prepared ensures a smooth and efficient maintenance process.

10 Methods How to Check Pressure Tank

1. Turn Off the Well Pump and Drain the System

The first step in checking a pressure tank is to ensure safety and accuracy by turning off the well pump. This prevents water from entering the system while you are testing and avoids unnecessary pressure fluctuations. Once the pump is off, open a faucet to drain water from the plumbing lines and relieve the tank’s internal pressure.

Draining the system ensures that your measurements of air pressure and tank performance are accurate and that you can safely inspect the tank without risk of sudden water discharge or injury.

2. Inspect the Tank Externally for Damage

Before performing technical checks, conduct a visual inspection of the tank’s exterior. Look for signs of corrosion, rust, dents, or leaks around the tank body and fittings. Check the tank’s base to ensure it is stable and level, and inspect the pipe connections for wear or loose fittings. External damage can indicate internal issues or potential failure points. Addressing visible damage promptly helps prevent sudden tank rupture or system malfunctions, ensuring the longevity and safe operation of the pressure tank.

3. Check the Air Charge with a Tire Gauge

A pressure tank relies on a specific air charge to maintain system pressure. Use a tire pressure gauge to measure the air pressure at the tank’s air valve, usually located on top of the tank. The reading should be 2 psi below the cut-in pressure of your well pump. For example, if your pump starts at 30 psi, the tank should read 28 psi when empty. Checking the air charge regularly ensures the tank can store water properly and reduces the risk of rapid pump cycling, which can shorten pump life and decrease system efficiency.

4. Test the Water Level in the Tank

Next, check the water level inside the tank. In a bladder or diaphragm tank, water should only occupy part of the tank, leaving the rest for compressed air. Overfilling can indicate a waterlogged tank, while underfilling may suggest insufficient water storage or leaks. For non-bladder tanks, tapping the tank and listening for differences in pitch helps estimate water level. A healthy tank maintains a consistent water-to-air ratio, providing adequate pressure and efficient pump operation.

5. Inspect the Tank for Waterlogging

Waterlogging occurs when the tank’s air charge is lost, causing the tank to fill completely with water. This can result in rapid pump cycling and system inefficiency. To check for waterlogging, drain the tank completely, then observe the air pressure. If the pressure remains low after draining, the tank may be waterlogged. Correcting this requires adding air with an air compressor or, in the case of a failed bladder, replacing the tank. Preventing waterlogging helps maintain consistent system pressure and extends pump life.

6. Examine the Bladder or Diaphragm

Bladder or diaphragm tanks use a flexible internal membrane to separate air from water. Over time, the bladder can rupture or deteriorate. Inspecting for bladder integrity involves draining the tank and checking whether air and water remain separated. If the bladder is damaged, the tank will need replacement, as repairs are typically not feasible. Maintaining a healthy bladder ensures proper air-to-water balance, efficient pump cycling, and consistent system pressure.

7. Test the Pressure Switch Operation

The pressure switch controls the cut-in and cut-out points of the pump based on tank pressure. To check it, observe the system as water is drawn from the tank. The pump should turn on at the cut-in pressure and off at the cut-out pressure. If the pump cycles too frequently or fails to maintain pressure, the switch may need adjustment or replacement. Proper pressure switch operation is essential for accurate pressure control and protecting both the pump and the pressure tank from excessive wear.

8. Check for Leaks in Pipes and Fittings

Leaks in pipes, fittings, or valves connected to the pressure tank can reduce system efficiency and mask pressure problems. Inspect all connections visually and listen for hissing sounds that indicate escaping air or water. Using soapy water on joints can reveal tiny leaks as bubbles form at the leak site. Repairing leaks ensures the pressure tank operates correctly, maintains consistent water pressure, and prevents unnecessary pump cycling.

9. Test the Tank’s Pressure During Operation

With the system refilled and the pump on, observe the tank’s behavior under normal operation. Open and close faucets to simulate water demand and monitor pressure changes. The tank should absorb pressure fluctuations, allowing smooth water flow without frequent pump starts or stops. If the tank cannot stabilize pressure during operation, it may indicate air loss, a waterlogged tank, or a failing bladder. Operational testing verifies that the tank functions correctly under real-world conditions.

10. Schedule Regular Maintenance and Professional Inspection

Finally, schedule periodic maintenance for the pressure tank and consider professional inspection every few years. Regular checks of air charge, water level, and overall tank integrity prevent small issues from escalating. A professional can perform more detailed diagnostics, including checking internal components and ensuring compliance with manufacturer specifications. Routine maintenance ensures the tank’s longevity, protects the well pump, and maintains reliable water pressure throughout the household or irrigation system.

Maintenance and Upkeep

Proper maintenance and regular upkeep are essential for the reliable performance of your pressure tank. Start by routinely inspecting the exterior for any signs of rust, leaks, or damage that could compromise its functionality. Verify the air charge in the tank using a pressure gauge, ensuring it aligns with the manufacturer’s recommendations. If adjustments are needed, consider using an air compressor or pump to restore the correct balance.

Cleaning the surrounding area and keeping it free of debris can also prevent potential wear or contamination. Additionally, schedule periodic servicing by a professional to ensure the internal mechanisms, such as the bladder or diaphragm, are in good condition. Proactive care will help extend the lifespan of the tank, minimize costly repairs, and guarantee consistent performance for years to come.

Things to Consider When Maintaining a Pressure Tank

1. Regular Inspections
   Periodically check the tank for signs of rust, leaks, or physical damage. Early detection of issues can prevent more significant problems down the line.
2. Pressure Settings
   Ensure that the pressure settings align with the manufacturer’s recommendations. Incorrect pressure levels can impact performance and put strain on the system.
3. Water Quality
   Monitor the quality of the water entering the tank. Hard water, sediment, or excessive minerals can cause buildup inside the tank, reducing efficiency.
4. Safety Precautions
   Always follow safety guidelines when performing maintenance. Depressurize the tank and disconnect power if necessary to prevent accidents.
5. Professional Servicing
   For complex issues or annual checkups, consult certified professionals to handle repairs or assessments safely and effectively.

Conclusion

Proper maintenance of your storage tank is essential to ensure its longevity and optimal performance. By regularly inspecting the tank, monitoring water quality, and adhering to safety protocols, you can prevent potential issues and reduce costly repairs. For more complex tasks, seeking professional assistance is always advisable. A well-maintained tank not only guarantees efficient operation but also provides peace of mind knowing your system is running safely and effectively. Be sure to follow all instructions on how to check pressure tank carefully, and always consult an expert when in doubt.